本文将带你快速安装一个单机版的 Harbor 容器镜像服务,可以满足个人以及中小型企业的需求。后续会整理 《基于 Kubernetes 搭建高可用的 Harbor 集群》,敬请期待!
为什么需要自建容器镜像服务
公有云服务固然快捷好用,但站在企业的角度思考时,数据的安全性将显得更为重要,这将导致在企业中使用的很多产品和服务被要求私有化、提供私有部署,以此来达到保障企业数据安全的目标。
所以在企业中,可能不会选择像阿里云的 ACR 或者 腾讯云的 TCR 这样的公有云服务,而是选择自建容器镜像服务。
基础环境
官方说明的是至少需要 2核 CPU + 4G 内存 + 40G 磁盘容量,但在个人安装后,发现其实 Harbor 本身作为容器镜像服务占用的资源并不是很多,所以 1核2G 也是可以跑起来的,磁盘容量则根据镜像的大小和数量进行分配即可。
我们并不是直接在宿主机上安装 Harbor,而是使用 Docker
+ Docker Compose
安装,所以需要安装 Docker 和 Docker Compose,版本保持最新即可。
还需要安装 Openssl
,用于配置 Harbor 的 HTTPS 访问,以及 Docker 的证书。
下载安装包
Harbor 的安装包分为在线安装包和离线安装包,在线安装包会从 DockerHub 下面需要的镜像,离线安装包则预先构建好的镜像,相比在线安装包会更大,但两种安装包的整个安装过程基本是一样的,这里是下载地址。
curl -LO https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.2.2/harbor-online-installer-v2.2.2.tgz
tar zxf harbor-online-installer-v2.2.2.tgz
解压后的文件如下:
> cd harbor && ls -la
total 40
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 7 23:25 .
drwxrwxrwt. 9 root root 4096 Jun 7 23:26 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3361 May 15 17:32 common.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7840 May 15 17:32 harbor.yml.tmpl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2500 May 15 17:32 install.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11347 May 15 17:32 LICENSE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1881 May 15 17:32 prepare
配置 HTTPS
自建 CA
由于是测试环境,我们选择自建 CA。首先,我们通过下面的方式生成 CA 证书的私钥:
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 4096
使用上面生成的私钥生成 CA 证书:
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -sha512 -days 3650 \
-subj "/C=CN/ST=Shenzhen/L=Shenzhen/O=example/OU=Personal/CN=k8scat.com" \
-key ca.key \
-out ca.crt
生成域名证书
现在我们使用上面生成的 CA 证书来生成域名证书,假设这里我们使用的域名是 harbor.k8scat.com
。同样,我们这里先生成证书的私钥:
openssl genrsa -out harbor.k8scat.com.key 4096
然后使用证书的私钥生成证书签名请求文件 CSR(Certificate Signing Request):
openssl req -sha512 -new \
-subj "/C=CN/ST=Shenzhen/L=Shenzhen/O=example/OU=Personal/CN=harbor.k8scat.com" \
-key harbor.k8scat.com.key \
-out harbor.k8scat.com.csr
还需要生成 x509 v3 扩展文件,以此来满足 SAN(Subject Alternative Name) 和 x509 v3 扩展的要求:
cat > v3.ext <<-EOF
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.1=harbor.k8scat.com
EOF
最后,我们使用 ca.crt
、ca.key
、harbor.k8scat.com.csr
和 v3.ext
来生成我们需要的域名证书:
openssl x509 -req -sha512 -days 3650 \
-extfile v3.ext \
-CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial \
-in harbor.k8scat.com.csr \
-out harbor.k8scat.com.crt
配置 Harbor 和 Docker 的证书
Harbor
这里我们将将证书存放在 /data/cert
下,当然也可以是其他路径:
cp harbor.k8scat.com.crt /data/cert/
cp harbor.k8scat.com.key /data/cert/
Docker
由于 Docker 守护进程会将 .crt
文件解释为 CA 证书,将 .cert
文件解释为客户端证书。所以这里我们需要将域名证书(harbor.k8scat.com.crt)的格式转换成 harbor.k8scat.com.cert
:
openssl x509 -inform PEM -in harbor.k8scat.com.crt -out harbor.k8scat.com.cert
然后将域名证书和 CA 证书拷贝到 /etc/docker/certs.d
目录下:
cp harbor.k8scat.com.cert /etc/docker/certs.d/harbor.k8scat.com/
cp harbor.k8scat.com.key /etc/docker/certs.d/harbor.k8scat.com/
cp ca.crt /etc/docker/certs.d/harbor.k8scat.com/
最后,重启 Docker 服务:
systemctl restart docker
配置 harbor.yml
在配置好 HTTPS 后,这时我们还没有运行起 Harbor 容器镜像服务,我们还需要配置 harbor.yml
文件,这个文件是拷贝自安装包中的 harbor.yml.tmpl
文件:
cp harbor.yml.tmpl harbor.yml
我们来看一下 harbor.yml
文件的内容:
# Configuration file of Harbor
# The IP address or hostname to access admin UI and registry service.
# DO NOT use localhost or 127.0.0.1, because Harbor needs to be accessed by external clients.
hostname: reg.mydomain.com
# http related config
http:
# port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https port
port: 80
# https related config
https:
# https port for harbor, default is 443
port: 443
# The path of cert and key files for nginx
certificate: /your/certificate/path
private_key: /your/private/key/path
# # Uncomment following will enable tls communication between all harbor components
# internal_tls:
# # set enabled to true means internal tls is enabled
# enabled: true
# # put your cert and key files on dir
# dir: /etc/harbor/tls/internal
# Uncomment external_url if you want to enable external proxy
# And when it enabled the hostname will no longer used
# external_url: https://reg.mydomain.com:8433
# The initial password of Harbor admin
# It only works in first time to install harbor
# Remember Change the admin password from UI after launching Harbor.
harbor_admin_password: Harbor12345
# Harbor DB configuration
database:
# The password for the root user of Harbor DB. Change this before any production use.
password: root123
# The maximum number of connections in the idle connection pool. If it <=0, no idle connections are retained.
max_idle_conns: 50
# The maximum number of open connections to the database. If it <= 0, then there is no limit on the number of open connections.
# Note: the default number of connections is 1024 for postgres of harbor.
max_open_conns: 1000
# The default data volume
data_volume: /data
# Harbor Storage settings by default is using /data dir on local filesystem
# Uncomment storage_service setting If you want to using external storage
# storage_service:
# # ca_bundle is the path to the custom root ca certificate, which will be injected into the truststore
# # of registry's and chart repository's containers. This is usually needed when the user hosts a internal storage with self signed certificate.
# ca_bundle:
# # storage backend, default is filesystem, options include filesystem, azure, gcs, s3, swift and oss
# # for more info about this configuration please refer https://docs.docker.com/registry/configuration/
# filesystem:
# maxthreads: 100
# # set disable to true when you want to disable registry redirect
# redirect:
# disabled: false
# Trivy configuration
#
# Trivy DB contains vulnerability information from NVD, Red Hat, and many other upstream vulnerability databases.
# It is downloaded by Trivy from the GitHub release page https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy-db/releases and cached
# in the local file system. In addition, the database contains the update timestamp so Trivy can detect whether it
# should download a newer version from the Internet or use the cached one. Currently, the database is updated every
# 12 hours and published as a new release to GitHub.
trivy:
# ignoreUnfixed The flag to display only fixed vulnerabilities
ignore_unfixed: false
# skipUpdate The flag to enable or disable Trivy DB downloads from GitHub
#
# You might want to enable this flag in test or CI/CD environments to avoid GitHub rate limiting issues.
# If the flag is enabled you have to download the `trivy-offline.tar.gz` archive manually, extract `trivy.db` and
# `metadata.json` files and mount them in the `/home/scanner/.cache/trivy/db` path.
skip_update: false
#
# insecure The flag to skip verifying registry certificate
insecure: false
# github_token The GitHub access token to download Trivy DB
#
# Anonymous downloads from GitHub are subject to the limit of 60 requests per hour. Normally such rate limit is enough
# for production operations. If, for any reason, it's not enough, you could increase the rate limit to 5000
# requests per hour by specifying the GitHub access token. For more details on GitHub rate limiting please consult
# https://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting
#
# You can create a GitHub token by following the instructions in
# https://help.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/creating-a-personal-access-token-for-the-command-line
#
# github_token: xxx
jobservice:
# Maximum number of job workers in job service
max_job_workers: 10
notification:
# Maximum retry count for webhook job
webhook_job_max_retry: 10
chart:
# Change the value of absolute_url to enabled can enable absolute url in chart
absolute_url: disabled
# Log configurations
log:
# options are debug, info, warning, error, fatal
level: info
# configs for logs in local storage
local:
# Log files are rotated log_rotate_count times before being removed. If count is 0, old versions are removed rather than rotated.
rotate_count: 50
# Log files are rotated only if they grow bigger than log_rotate_size bytes. If size is followed by k, the size is assumed to be in kilobytes.
# If the M is used, the size is in megabytes, and if G is used, the size is in gigabytes. So size 100, size 100k, size 100M and size 100G
# are all valid.
rotate_size: 200M
# The directory on your host that store log
location: /var/log/harbor
# Uncomment following lines to enable external syslog endpoint.
# external_endpoint:
# # protocol used to transmit log to external endpoint, options is tcp or udp
# protocol: tcp
# # The host of external endpoint
# host: localhost
# # Port of external endpoint
# port: 5140
#This attribute is for migrator to detect the version of the .cfg file, DO NOT MODIFY!
_version: 2.2.0
# Uncomment external_database if using external database.
# external_database:
# harbor:
# host: harbor_db_host
# port: harbor_db_port
# db_name: harbor_db_name
# username: harbor_db_username
# password: harbor_db_password
# ssl_mode: disable
# max_idle_conns: 2
# max_open_conns: 0
# notary_signer:
# host: notary_signer_db_host
# port: notary_signer_db_port
# db_name: notary_signer_db_name
# username: notary_signer_db_username
# password: notary_signer_db_password
# ssl_mode: disable
# notary_server:
# host: notary_server_db_host
# port: notary_server_db_port
# db_name: notary_server_db_name
# username: notary_server_db_username
# password: notary_server_db_password
# ssl_mode: disable
# Uncomment external_redis if using external Redis server
# external_redis:
# # support redis, redis+sentinel
# # host for redis: <host_redis>:<port_redis>
# # host for redis+sentinel:
# # <host_sentinel1>:<port_sentinel1>,<host_sentinel2>:<port_sentinel2>,<host_sentinel3>:<port_sentinel3>
# host: redis:6379
# password:
# # sentinel_master_set must be set to support redis+sentinel
# #sentinel_master_set:
# # db_index 0 is for core, it's unchangeable
# registry_db_index: 1
# jobservice_db_index: 2
# chartmuseum_db_index: 3
# trivy_db_index: 5
# idle_timeout_seconds: 30
# Uncomment uaa for trusting the certificate of uaa instance that is hosted via self-signed cert.
# uaa:
# ca_file: /path/to/ca
# Global proxy
# Config http proxy for components, e.g. http://my.proxy.com:3128
# Components doesn't need to connect to each others via http proxy.
# Remove component from `components` array if want disable proxy
# for it. If you want use proxy for replication, MUST enable proxy
# for core and jobservice, and set `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`.
# Add domain to the `no_proxy` field, when you want disable proxy
# for some special registry.
proxy:
http_proxy:
https_proxy:
no_proxy:
components:
- core
- jobservice
- trivy
# metric:
# enabled: false
# port: 9090
# path: /metrics
这里我们主要修改下面这几个配置:
- hostname =
harbor.k8scat.com
- https.certificate =
/data/cert/harbor.k8scat.com.crt
- https.private_key =
/data/cert/harbor.k8scat.com.key
- harbor_admin_password =
xxx
- database.password =
xxx
我们这次安装的 Harbor 没有使用其他组件,例如 Notary
、Trivy
和 Chart
,所以相关的配置可以忽略。
启动 Harbor
./install.sh